French political cartoon from 1858 depicting caricatures of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, William II of Germany, Nicholas II of Russia, Marianne of France, a samurai, and a typical Qing official; http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:China_imperialism_cartoon.jpg
Websites:
- Opium Wars (1839-42); The Society for Anglo-Chinese Understanding (SACU) posts a survey by Dr. R.G.Tiedemann regarding the factors behind the Opium Wars first published in 1989 in "China Now" magazine
- The Opening to China Part I: The First Opium War, the United States, and the Treaty of Wangxia, 1839-1844; The U.S. Department of State's Office of the Historian, discusses the role of the U.S. in the "unequal treaties" that was the consequence of China losing the Opium Wars
- First Opium War; Wikipedia's site on the events leading up to and the consequences of the First Opium War
- Second Opium War; Wikipedia's site on the events leading up to and the consequences of the Second Opium War
- The Opium War; The British Empire, discusses the causes and the factors of the First Opium War from the British perspective
- In a Nutshell: The Opium Wars; a synopsis of the war answering key questions in the factors behind the war and its lasting legacy
- Opium Wars Revisited: Will China Corner the Gold Market? Forbes magazine looks into the historical factors of the Opium Wars and makes connections with China's economy today
- Opening the Door (1844-1911); Gerald L. Ford Library and Museum, discusses the reasons behind the signing of the Treaty of Wanghia and its effects from the U.S. perspective
- Russian-Chinese Treaty of Aigun Concluded; Russian Presidential Library, the reasons behind the signing of the Treaty of Aigun from the Russian perspective
- Age of Revolution; a look at Russian's role in the Treaties of Aigun and Beijing
- Sino-Sikh War; Wikipedia's site on the Sino-Sikh War that the Qing dynasty had to contend with during the First Opium War
- Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms; Wikipedia's site on the 19th century Chinese gazeteer, regarded as the first significant Chinese work on the West and one of China's initial responses to the First Opium War
- Western Imperialism in Asia; Wikipedia's site on Imperialism across the continent of Asia from early European exploration to the post World War II era
- China; Wikipedia's site on China from prehistory to present day to include Imperialist China
- Opium; Wikipedia's site on the history of opium to include the prohibition and conflict in China
- Protestant Missions in China; Wikipedia site on the history of missionaries in China and expanding missionary influence after the First Opium War
Unequal Treaties signed as a result of the Opium Wars:
- The Treaty of Nanking; Wikipedia entry of the treaty between China and Britain
- The Treaty of the Bogue; Wikipedia entry of the supplemental treaty between China and Britain
- The Treaty of Wanghia; Wikipedia entry of the treaty between China and the U.S.
- The Treaty of Tientsin; Wikipedia entry of the treaty between China and Britain, France, U.S., and Russia
- Select List of Unequal Treaties; Wikipedia's list of unequal treaties imposed on China, Japan, and Korea